correspondence; communication; transmission; news; signal; telecommunications
group; party; team; squad; section
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
Japan and the United States; Japanese-American
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
combination; union; incorporation; congruence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be effective; to be fruitful; to be worthwhile; to be worth; to be rewarded; to pay off
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
news; word; tidings; omen
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
to stop; to cease; to come to an end; to cut off
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
prime minister (as the head of a cabinet government); premier; leading; overseeing; leader
president (of a nation); big man; boss; buddy
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
halo; hello; hallo; harrow
Gerald; Gerard; Gerhard; Gerrald; Jerald
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
consideration; guess; conjecture; judgment; judgement
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
leadership conference; summit meeting; top-level conference