indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
to concern; to be related
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be found; to be discovered
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward