this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
angle of view (photography)
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamor (for or against); to clamour (for or against)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
reality; actuality; hard fact
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
second (unit of time); arc second
to pass (of time); to elapse