indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
a tiny bit; just a smidgin; a wee bit; very slightly
cold; cold cream; cold wave; cold permanent wave
evil deed; wrongdoing; crime; misfortune; calamity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
suitable; proper; appropriate; perfunctory; half-minded; sloppy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
to be thoughtful (of a gift, etc.); to be from the heart; to be made with loving care
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
to face; to go towards; to head towards
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
signature phrase; signature saying
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(some) more; even more; longer; further
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
clothing; costume; outfit; garment; dress
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
unable to stomach; sticking in one's throat; displeased with
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
in that way; thus; so; so?