indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
Extinct (conservation status); EX
residing; living; dwelling
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
heinous criminal; vicious criminal
arrest; apprehension; capture
father; dad; husband; you; he
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be broken; to break; to fall through; to come to nothing
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
no!; no no!; no, not at all
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
to rub; to crumple; to massage; to argue; to have a heated discussion; to train; to coach
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
person concerned; people involved (in an event); those concerned; staff
to combine; to join; to tie on; to attach with a knot; to bind (e.g. an address)
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)