indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thousand years; many years
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
suffix for familiar person
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
reconciliation; make peace with
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate