indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
thousand years; many years
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
pudding (esp. custard); black hair dyed blond but where the roots have again turned black
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly