giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
tribe; clan; (taxonomical) tribe; group (of the periodic table)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
variable; changeable; convertible; controllable
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
development; exploitation
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
downfall; ruin; collapse; destruction
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to herd; to drive; to corner; to force someone into doing; to go hard; to push yourself
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
to walk; to go on foot; to tread (a figurative path); to follow; to advance towards (e.g. a solution); to set out (e.g. on the path to destruction, ruin, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to bridge (e.g. cultural divides, technical differences, etc.); to bring together
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal