indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
heavy heartbeat; thumping; pounding
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Cheryl; Sherrill; Sherry; Sherryl; Sheryl
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; the present time; just now; another; more
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt