once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
war; fighting; fierce competition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
downfall; ruin; collapse; destruction
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
macrocosmos; macrocosm; the universe; the cosmos
advance (into a new market or stage of progress); launching (a new career or venture); expanding (into a new market); stepping forward; emerging
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
new land; new world; new sphere of activity
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
Milky Way galaxy; Milky Way; the Galaxy; galactic system; galaxy
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates position in a sequence; divisions of a kabuki performance
emigration; immigration; emigrant; immigrant
fleet (fishing, naval, etc.); convoy; group of ships
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?