indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
Cheryl; Sherrill; Sherry; Sherryl; Sheryl
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
Leigh (Britain); Ri; Li; Lie
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)