yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thorny shrub; wild rose; briar; thorn; cusp
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
to come loose; to come untied; to come undone; to loosen up (e.g. tension)
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
statute of limitations; lapse of rights after a period of time; becoming invalid or void after a set time; ageing; aging
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward