indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
such; like that; that sort of; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
now; the present time; just now; another; more
than; from; out of; except; but; more
symptoms; condition (of a patient)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to groan; to moan; to roar; to howl; to hum (engine, wind, etc.); to buzz; to ooh and aah (in admiration)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
unattractive; ugly; unstylish; uncool
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
coolness; calmness; composure; all right; fine; OK
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone