honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
complaint; troubles; objection; grievance
to telephone; to make a phone call
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
joining a company; getting a job with a company; entering a company
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording