disturbance; trouble; ups and downs
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to mark the end; to spell the end
September; ninth month of the lunar calendar
first day of the month; (arch.) first ten days of the lunar month
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
flashiness; showiness; brilliance; bloom; flowers
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
underground shopping center; underground shopping centre
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
of course; certainly; naturally
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to have no way of knowing; to be completely ignorant of
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
pawn (chess piece); boing; sproing (e.g. sound of releasing a spring); flipping through the air; tossing
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; so-and-so; such and such; what?; wait; well, well
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you