ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
university town; college town
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
detached building; solitary house; room detached from main house
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
of course; certainly; naturally
(one's) self; oneself; yourself; himself; herself
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to desire; to want; to expect (of someone); to hope for; to see; to command (a view of)
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
at once; right away; promptly; quickly; right now; this instant
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
trouble; difficulties; dispute; confusion; disorder; mess
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
suffix for familiar person
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dangerous; in danger; facing imminent danger; precarious (situation); perilous (state, balance, etc.); in doubt
the heat is off; things calm down; the excitement dies down
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)