hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
what do you want?; can I help you?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
pluralizing suffix; nickname-forming suffix
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to receive favor; to receive assistance; to receive help; to be looked after; to be taken care of; to become dependent (on)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
abstaining from smoking; quitting smoking; prohibition of smoking; No Smoking; Smoking Prohibited
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
war; battle; match; game; competition
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
to grumble about something (trivial)
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
why; how; for what reason
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
tobacco; cigarette; cigar; tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum)
cigarette end; cigarette butt