indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be enchanted; to be charmed
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
to grow up; to become an adult
to put on clothes; to wear clothes; to be the personification of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to long for; to yearn after; to admire; to be attracted by
bridal costume; wedding dress
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
meaning; significance; sense
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to take the initiative; to forestall; to beat to the punch
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
impossible; unlikely; improbable
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
January; first month of the lunar calendar
tenth day of the month; ten days
starting; inauguration; launch; founding; establishment; start-up
cabinet (of a government); ministry
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
after that; afterwards; thereafter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to press forward; to forge ahead; to push on
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar