this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be too numerous; to be too much
hate; hate crime; hate speech; racism
operation; management; handling; manipulating (to one's benefit); manipulation; influencing
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
plural; multiple; several
how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
dry riverbed; river beach
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
second (unit of time); arc second
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
extempore; impromptu; improvised; ad-lib; off-the-cuff; instant
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
comparatively; relatively; unexpectedly; unusually; considering; for one's ...
cooperation; coordination; link
reasonably; fairly; hurriedly; in a rush; approximately; about
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to bear; to stand; to restrain; to control; to forgive; to put up with
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
master; teacher; stable master
showing one's face in public; facing another person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
in succession; one after another
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then