this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
encounter; being confronted with (e.g. difficulty); meeting with (e.g. accident)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to stand (still) a while; to loiter; to stop
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
pleasant; agreeable; comfortable; refreshing
route; way; course; directions
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
cavity; hollow; void; hollow (voice, smile, etc.); blank (eyes, look, etc.); vacant (expression, stare, etc.)
to raise one's hand; to surrender; to raise one's hand to someone (as a threat to strike); to become better (at something); to improve; to throw one's hat in the ring
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
really; truly; indeed; good grief
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on