(social) standing; status; identity; birth; one's circumstances; one's means
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point
difference; variation; difference
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
deep (hole, forest, snow, etc.); dense (e.g. fog); thick (e.g. weeds, woods); close (e.g. relationship); deep (involvement); intense (e.g. longing, flavor); severe
place; position; location; position; standing; status
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
probably; (most) likely; in all likelihood; I suspect; I dare say; I'm afraid
same; similar; (just) like; equal
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
an order of magnitude higher; off by a digit; in a different league; unbelievable; incomparable; unimaginable
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
to that extent; to that degree; that much; that many
blunder; fault; error; mistake; failure; disgrace
continuation; succession; series; continuous
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
ding (of a bell); bing; honk (i.e. sound of blowing one's nose); snort; heating in a microwave; cooking in a microwave
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more