today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
suffix for familiar person
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
entrance; front door; entryway; entranceway; entry hall; vestibule
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
inside; interior; inner part
drainboard; floor grates; duckboard; slatted wood (e.g. used as a base for storing futons inside a cupboard)
door frame; window frame; frame sections of the door or window that provide most of its structural integrity
board; plank; sheet (of metal); plate (of glass); cutting board; chopping board
(arch.) Chinese "Extended Net" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); counter for objects with stretched strings (i.e. bows, kotos), curtains, papers, etc.
alone; by oneself; on one's own
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
willingness (e.g. to do something); eagerness; motivation; inspiration; determination; high aspirations
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chip (off); to shave (off); to slice (off); to dampen (e.g. enthusiasm); to discourage; to weaken
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
to put to sleep; to lay (something) on its side