source of river; fountainhead
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
hope; wish; aspiration; (bright) prospects; expectation
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue (someone); to save; to help (out of a difficulty); to save (spiritually); to redeem (from sin); to deliver (from suffering, distress, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to have a go; to try and do (something); to take a chance with something
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou dynasty Chinese army)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
charm; incantation; spell; curse
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
probably; (most) likely; in all likelihood; I suspect; I dare say; I'm afraid
anyone; anybody; everyone; everybody; whoever
to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.); to look down into (a ravine, etc.); to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.); to sneak a look at; to take a quick look at; to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.); to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
to grant; to give; to confer; to teach; to instruct; to impart (knowledge)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage