yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
is that so?; I see; right; oh
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to finish; to end; to have a result less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read and understand; to interpret (e.g. a difficult text); to read deeply; to decipher; to decode
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
no; you're welcome; not at all; don't mention it
eggs; egg; (hen's) egg; a ... in the making; future (lawyer, doctor, etc.); beginning
eating; bite (in fishing)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to find; to discover; to come across; to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
what kind of; whatever sort of; no matter what; however much
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
even; even if ...; even though ...; because ...; as ...; with the purpose of ...
weak point; weakness; shortcoming; defect; flaw; sore spot
to prick; to stab; to poke; to prod; to use (a cane); to prop oneself up with
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee