to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
armpit; under one's arm; beside; close to; aside; to the side; off-track
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change; to swap; to change the object of one's interest or focus; to spend or take time; to infect; to permeate something with the smell or colour of something; to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
letter; missive; note; mail
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
occasionally; once in a while; seldom; casually; unexpectedly; accidentally
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
to be taught; to learn; to take lessons in
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
evening; last night; yesterday evening
sumo wrestling; wrestler; rikishi
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now