indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to crouch; to squat; to cower
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
of no use whatsoever; good for nothing; useless
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
defense; defence; safeguard; protection
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
restoration; rehabilitation; recovery; recovery (from an illness); recuperation; convalescence
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
letting (someone) die without helping