prefix for forming ordinal numbers
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
occasion; time; section (of a literary work); paragraph; season; term; principle
distant land; remote location; distant province
by means of; due to; because of; according to
inspection; reading; perusal; browsing (the web)
work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
disturbance; obstruction; hindrance; jamming; interference
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
exclusion; removal; rejection; elimination; abatement; lifting (sanctions, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
present; current; in operation
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
hostile nature; inimical character
life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
stoppage; coming to a stop; ceasing (movement, activity, etc.); suspension (of operations); suspension (of payment, licence, etc.); (temporary) prohibition
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
valid; effective; yuko (judo)
solution; solution strategy
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
judgment; judgement; divination; judgement
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
destructive power; destructive energy; destructive force
to put back up; to stand back up; to restore (to former strength); to revive (e.g. the economy); to make again (a plan, policy, etc.); to reformulate
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
two reams (of paper); 1000 sheets (of paper); stanza; verse; tribe (in taxonomy); forecast (bet); bet which predicts the top 2 finishers (i.e. quinella or perfecta bet)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to press for an answer; to shower questions on someone
plan; policy; means; fifth principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; right upward flick
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
question; inquiry; enquiry
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest