here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go under; to pass under; to dive (into or under the water); to evade; to get around; to survive
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
suffix for familiar person
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be ill; to suffer from; to have trouble doing ...; to be unable to ...; to fail to ...
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
bamboo grass; generally smaller species of running bamboo that do not shed their sheaths (e.g. Sasa spp.)
mochi; (sticky) rice cake
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
cost of fuel and lighting; cost of heat and electricity; energy bill; utility cost
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
surely (not); certainly (not)