indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
(not) anywhere; nowhere; everywhere; anywhere
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
adds force or indicates command
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
giant; great man; Tokyo Giants (baseball team)
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
family; members of a family
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
trace; vestige; mark; sign; evidence