middle of summer; height of summer; midsummer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
rough; crude; sloppy; miscellaneous
weeding; weeder; weeding fork; cultivator
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; yoisho! (word shouted by the spectators during a yokozuna's ritual stomps); yoisho (filler word in folk music, etc.); flattery; buttering up (someone)
omega (last letter of the Greek alphabet); end; conclusion; angular velocity
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
while; during; while; although; all; both
shrill; strident; sharp (pain, e.g. headache, earache); ice-cold; very cold
to cool; to chill; to calm down; to cool off; to be frightened (at); to be scared (of)
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
no, not like that (but like this)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?