at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shut; to close; to block (a street, entrance, etc.); to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.); to shut off; to consume (with negative feelings)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
again; once more; a second time
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
Island; insula; island; islet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to run past from behind; to run through (e.g. gate, one's mind)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
departure (of a train, car, etc.); starting; leaving
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; to open
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
meeting; greeting; welcome
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
father; dad; husband; you; he
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
refreshing; exhilarating; invigorating; bracing
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
opening (of a new road, railway, etc.); going into operation (e.g. telephone communication); beginning services; reopening (e.g. a road to traffic); resumption of services