indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
two persons; two people; pair; couple
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
myself; yourself; I; me; you
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
Alan (member of an ancient Scythian people)
pastor; minister; clergyman; reverend
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in that way; thus; so; so?
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do