idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
again; once more; a second time
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
trouble; difficulties; dispute; confusion; disorder; mess
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
inner thoughts; real intention; at heart; deep down; inner center (centre)
to be anxious (about); to be concerned (about); to think out (e.g. a plan); to work out; to investigate
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
model or exemplary student
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
everything; anything; nothing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to lose; to be defeated; to give in (to); to yield; to be inferior (to); to be second (to)
where ... is concerned; when it becomes; if it becomes
intently; single-mindedly; devotedly; solely; earnestly; with all one's heart
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
all one's power (strength, energy, efforts); one's utmost
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pour (into); to sprinkle on (from above); to water (e.g. plants); to shed (tears); to concentrate one's energy (strength, attention, etc.) on; to devote to; to flow into (e.g. of a river)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
end of term; end of semester
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
honor student; honours student; model student; prize pupil
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
academic year; school year; year in school; grade in school