indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Island; insula; island; islet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
jello (gelatin-based dessert); jelly; gel; jelly
boot; bootload; bootstrap
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
potato (Solanum tuberosum)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
harvest; crop; ingathering; fruits (of one's labors); gain; result
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to change color (esp. leaves, fruit, flowers) (colour); to turn crimson (e.g. leaves in autumn); to begin to redden; to ripen; to grow ripe
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to enliven; to liven up; to cause a stir in (e.g. the newspapers); to make prosperous
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
properly; accurately; exactly; neatly; tidily; orderly
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
time; hour; period; class
to demarcate; to delimit; to divide (an area); to punctuate; to put an end to (e.g. a sentence); to insert pauses or breaks (e.g. when reading aloud)
study; diligence; discount; reduction
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case