idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
in the twinkling of an eye; in a flash
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
shame; disgrace; (sexual) violation; rape
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
beginning; outset; first; onset
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
since; henceforth; ever since
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; with all one's might; for dear life; eagerly
to work hard at one's lessons
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
as if; as it were; as though; right then; just then; at that moment
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
greedy; avaricious; covetous; raga (desire)
absorption; suction; attraction
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
whole summer; summer long
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
farm (livestock); stock farm; ranch; pasture; meadow; grazing land
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed