indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
boy; son; baby boy; young man
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
green (colour); green (energy, car, etc.); environmentally friendly; greenland; green space; green (on a golf course)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid