honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
just barely; only just; at the very limit; at the last moment
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
until now; so far; up to the present
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
anything and everything; just about everything
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
to feel; to sense; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
to move forward; to move on
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
scenery; scene; landscape
to shrink; to contract; to diminish (in size)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as