box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
head; lead; vanguard; first
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
metre; meter; meter; gauge
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(sudden) change; reversal; turn-around; coming from behind (baseball)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
imperial capital (esp. Kyoto); final word of an iroha poem; 10^16; 10,000,000,000,000,000
considerably; fairly; quite
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
unexpected; unscheduled; unforeseen; unplanned
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
going ahead; going first; preceding; coming before; scoring first; getting off to a lead
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for