victory or defeat; match; contest; game
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
competition; contest; rivalry; competition (between organisms or species)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
two (long cylindrical things)
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
slope; incline; slope (of a linear function); gradient (vector calculus)
loose; lenient; lax; gentle (curve, slope, etc.); slow; weak; soft
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
extremely; terrifically; super
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
while; during; while; although; all; both
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)