to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
hey!; c'mon!; pushy; overbearing; self-assured
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hiss (esp. cat); sizzle; whoosh
how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
subject; theme; homework; assignment; task; challenge
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
ten; 10; ten years of age; (arch.) book containing a collection of poems
to be used to; to get accustomed to; to train; to discipline; to tack (in needlework); to baste
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
individual; private person; personal; private
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
two (long cylindrical things)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
willingness (e.g. to do something); eagerness; motivation; inspiration; determination; high aspirations
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hating to lose; unyielding; unbending; competitive; sore loser; determined
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
such; like that; that sort of; very
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial