good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
lower back; waist; hips; body (of hair, noodle, paper, etc.); resilience; spring
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rock (in rock-paper-scissors); stone; ungh; gulp; rumbling (of an empty stomach); growling
while; even though; despite
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
to that extent; to that degree; so much; so
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
running; gliding; first (harvest) of the season; beginning; start; kitchen sink
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
peak; summit; ridge; back of a blade
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
life; living; I; me; student
in comparison to; rather than
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
number one; first; best; most; game; round
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all