honorific/polite/humble prefix
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
personal history; curriculum vitae; resume
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
suit (clothing); suit (playing cards)
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
falling into a doze; dozing off; nodding off
to ride past; to miss one's stop (train, bus, etc.)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
every year; yearly; annually
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
speaking of; (I told you) already; come on
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)