indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
family; members of a family
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
person with a family; family man
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
fat; thick; deep (of a voice); thick; daring; shameless
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
fiercely (e.g. of a fire burning); bong-bong (of clock ringing); with repeated bangs (e.g. of fire cracker); striking clock; green young man from a well-to-do family
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
to be left without means of sustenance; to be turned adrift in the streets; to be rendered homeless; to be out in the cold; to be down and out
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
individual; one by one; separate; each
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to employ; to hire; to charter
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
materials; data; document
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
air transport; air lift; airlift
transport; transportation
please remember me; please help me; please treat me well; please do; please take care of