indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
emperor (of Japan); mikado
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
red eyes; bloodshot eyes; red-eye; red mullet (Chelon haematocheilus); facial gesture of pulling one's eyelid down and sticking out one's tongue
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
pleasant; delightful; enjoyable; joyful; cheerful; amusing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
adds force or indicates command
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
decapitation; beheading; firings; dismissals; small samurai sword used for decapitation
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
now; the present time; just now; another; more
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)