indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to cease; to desist; to cut it out; to lay off (an activity); to drop (a subject) to abolish; to resign
clean sweep; purging; doing away with; eradication
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
red eyes; bloodshot eyes; red-eye; red mullet (Chelon haematocheilus); facial gesture of pulling one's eyelid down and sticking out one's tongue
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
defeat; loss; failing to live up to (one's name, looks, etc.); discount; loss (on a sale)
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hunting; harvesting (e.g. berries, fruit); picking; gathering
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
war; fighting; fierce competition
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
battlefield; battleground
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible