indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; from; out of; except; but; more
presence (e.g. of an observer); observation; observer; trading session (at an exchange)
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
in; on; at (place); as for; regarding
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
a little; some; somewhat; amount; quantity; number
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
vast; huge; immense; malva nut (Sterculia lychnophora)
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
regrettable; unsatisfactory; deplorable; lamentable
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
show (of power, ability, etc.); exhibition; demonstration; display; manifestation
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank