indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
I see; that's right; indeed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
extremely cold feeling that makes one feel numb; sharp pain that is almost numbing; heartrending; touching the heart
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
clear; clearing (a bar, hurdle, etc.); overcoming; getting through; clearing (the ball); clearing (e.g. a checked box)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
of course; certainly; naturally
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during