honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
beyond this point; from now on; after this
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
negotiations; discussions; connection
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to entrust (e.g. a task) to another; to leave to; to passively leave to someone else's facilities; to leave to take its natural course; to continue (something) in a natural fashion (without particular aim); to rely fully on one's (full strength, great ability, long time taken) to get something done
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
as many as one likes; as much as one likes; great many; plenty; almost (none); (not) much
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
how; in what way; by what means
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
fool; idiot; dotage; senility; touched in the head (from); out of it (from)
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...