indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
win; victory; beautiful scenery; scenic spot; counter for wins
out (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); outside the line; out; putout; outer; external; exit
outfield; outfielder; outfield bleachers; third party; outsider
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing