indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
formal; strict; ceremonious; stiff
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at); not one's cup of tea; not one's favorite
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
instead; but (on the other hand)
to seek knowledge; to ask for instruction
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
order; command; directions; instructions
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
to beg; to ask; to request; to invite
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be taught; to learn; to take lessons in
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to be at one's wits' end; to be cornered; (lit.) to be packed to the hilt
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
wing (bird, aircraft, etc.); wing (rugby, soccer, etc.); wing (of a building); unbalanced edge (othello)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
master; teacher; stable master